PMC

A comparison of the robustness curves P under different tolerances . (a) Top-down coupling link with ACIS. (b) Top-down coupling link with DCIS. (c) Top-down coupling link with RCIS. (d) Bottom-up coupling link with ACIS. (e) Bottom-up coupling link with DCIS. (f) Bottom-up coupling link with RCIS. The red, green, and blue solid curves represent , and , respectively. The ranking of the robustness curves P is . This indicates that the tolerance is positively related to the robustness of the smart grid.

A comparison of robustness curves P of the HVIET network under different tolerance . (a) Top-down coupling link with ACIS. (b) Top-down coupling line with DCIS. (c) Top-down coupling link with RCIS. (d) Bottom-up coupling link with ACIS. (e) Bottom-up coupling link with DCIS. (f) Bottom-up coupling link with RCIS. The red, green, and blue solid lines represent the robustness curves under , , and , respectively. The ranking of robustness curves P is . This indicates that the tolerance is positively related to the robustness of the smart grid.

A planar two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) parallel mechanism with coupling branches: 1. link 1; 2. link 2; 3. link 3; 4. link 4; 5. slider 2; 6. link 5; 7. slider 3; 8. link 6; 9. slider 1. R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅, R₆ and R₇ represent the revolute joints. P₁, P₂, P₃ and P₄ represent the prismatic pairs. θ, θ₁, θ₂ and θ₃ represent the angles between link 4, link 5, link 6, link 2 and the horizontal plane, respectively.

(A) Schematic illustration of human-to-human interaction through BBI. (B) Left: average leader's brain response 〈I〉 during first experiment (EXP1): session 1 (S1) [no link between subjects, p = 0.938 by Shapiro-Wilk normality test (SWNT)] and session 2 (S2) (no delay in coupling between subjects, p = 0.965 by SWNT) (not significant, n = 10, p = 0.67 by paired sample t-test); right: average assistant's brain response 〈I〉 during EXP1: S1 (no link between subjects, p = 0.402 by SWNT) and S2 (no delay in coupling between subjects, p = 0.485 by SWNT) (not significant, n = 10, p = 0.37 by paired sample t-test). (C) Left: average leader's brain response 〈I〉 during second experiment (EXP2): S1 (no link between subjects, p = 0.131 by SWNT) and S2 (delayed coupling between subjects, p = 0.889 by SWNT) (significant change, n = 10, ^*p < 0.05 by paired sample t-test); right: average assistant's brain response 〈I〉 during EXP2: S1 (no link between subjects, p = 0.099 by SWNT) and S2 (delayed coupling between subjects, p = 0.169 by SWNT) (not significant, n = 10, p = 0.06 by paired sample t-test). (D) Left: mean brain response 〈I〉 for pairs during EXP1: S1 (no link between subjects, p = 0.979 by SWNT) and S2 (no delay in coupling between subjects, p = 0.847 by SWNT) (not significant, n = 10, p = 0.48 by paired sample t-test); right: mean brain response 〈I〉 for pairs during EXP1: S1 (no link between subjects, p = 0.108 by SWNT) and S2 (no delay in coupling between subjects, p = 0.622 by SWNT) (significant change, n = 10, ^*p < 0.05 by paired sample t-test). Medians (bars), 25–75 percentiles (box) and outlines (whiskers) are shown.